Understanding Fatty Liver Disease: Symptoms, Risks, and Lifestyle Changes

Fatty liver disease occurs when excess fat builds up in liver cells. It is now one of the most common liver conditions globally, affecting both adults and children. Early stages often have no symptoms, which makes awareness crucial.

Types of Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)Occurs in people who drink little to no alcohol and is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and high cholesterol.

Alcohol-related fatty liver disease (ALD)Caused by excessive alcohol consumption. Symptoms Most people experience no symptoms initially. When present, symptoms may include:

• Fatigue

• Discomfort in the upper right abdomen

• Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight
  

Advanced stages (such as fibrosis or cirrhosis) may cause jaundice, swelling, or easy bruising—these require immediate medical evaluation.

Risk Factors

• Obesity

• Type 2 diabetes

• High cholesterol or triglycerides

• Sedentary lifestyle

• Heavy alcohol use (for ALD)
  

Evidence-Based Lifestyle Changes

Weight management: Even a 5–10% weight loss can significantly reduce liver fat, according to multiple clinical studies.

Regular exercise: Aerobic activity and strength training improve insulin sensitivity and reduce liver fat.

Balanced diet: Emphasize vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats. Limit sugary foods and refined carbohydrates.

Avoid alcohol if you have NAFLD; minimize intake to reduce liver damage risk. When to Consult a DoctorIf you have risk factors or persistent fatigue, your doctor may recommend liver function tests or an ultrasound.

Conclusion Fatty liver disease is preventable and, in many cases, reversible with consistent lifestyle modifications and early screening.